PEN Journey 1: Engagement

PEN International celebrates its Centenary in 2021. As Vice President Emeritus of PEN International and former International Secretary, former Chair of PEN International’s Writers in Prison Committee, former President of PEN Center USA West, board member and Vice President of PEN America and the PEN/Faulkner Foundation, I have been active in PEN for more than 30 years. With memories stirring and file drawers bulging with documents, I am a bit of a walking archive and have been asked by PEN International to write down some of the memories. I will try in digestible portions to recount moments, though I’m not certain how easily I can contain all these. I hope this personal PEN journey might be of some interest.

 

February 13, 1989: I was President of PEN Center USA West and on an airplane when I read that Salman Rushdie’s novel Satanic Verses was being burned in Birmingham. The next day a fatwa was issued on Rushdie. What was a fatwa, we all asked at the time, as we, along with PEN Centers around the world, mobilized to protest that a head of state was ordering the murder of a writer wherever he was in the world.

November 10, 1995: As Chair of PEN International’s Writers in Prison Committee, I was standing vigil with others outside the Nigerian Embassy in Washington, D.C. when word spread that novelist and activist Ken Saro Wiwa had been hanged that morning in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

October 7, 2006: My phone rang at 7:30 on Saturday morning. I was International Secretary of PEN International, and the International Writers in Prison Program Director was calling to tell me that Anna Politkovskaya had just been shot and killed in Moscow. We all knew Anna—I’d last had coffee with her at an airport in Macedonia. We worked with her on the situation of writers in Russia and Chechnya and had enormous respect for her knowledge and courage.

January 19, 2007: We were about to begin a PEN International board meeting in Vienna when a call came from Istanbul. Hrant Dink had just been shot and killed outside his newspaper office in Istanbul. Dink was an editor of an Armenian paper and a writer whom members of PEN knew well and worked with on freedom of expression issues in Turkey.

Most writers long active in PEN’s freedom-to-write work can tell you where they were when the news broke on each of these cases. They can tell you because the lives of these writers and many others have been critical in the struggle for freedom of expression around the world.

In sharing memories of PEN, I begin with the writers and with the many friends around the globe who work on behalf of writers who don’t have the freedom to write without threat, imprisonment or death. As colleagues, we are bound together by the belief that truthful writing matters, be it journalism, fiction, poetry, drama, essays because stories and witnessing and creative imagination connect, inspire and shape us. Free expression is fundamental to a free society and is worth defending and expanding.

Salman Rushdie, Ken Saro Wiwa, Anna Politkovskaya, Hrant Dink

My own thirty plus years working with PEN began at a dinner meeting in Los Angeles in the early 1980’s. I was a young writer, new mother, former journalist who’d recently moved across the country from New York City where I taught writing at university and had friends and colleagues. I landed in the land of sun and Hollywood, and though I had a new college teaching job, I knew few people and even fewer writers. Like many who first seek out PEN, I came for the community.

My second meeting was at someone’s home where a presentation was made about writers in different parts of the world who were in prison because of their writing. I was introduced to PEN’s Writers in Prison Committee. At that meeting, we wrote postcards urging the Chinese government to release Wei Jingsheng, a writer who was imprisoned for “counterrevolutionary” activities, particularly for his essay “The Fifth Modernization” which he’d posted on the Democracy Wall in Beijing in 1978. His manifesto argued that as China was modernizing with four principles of modernization, it needed to include a fifth modernization–Democracy.

As I learned about Wei Jingsheng and the other writers on whose behalf PEN worked, I became more active in the PEN Center on the West Coast of America called PEN Los Angeles Center. I was elected President in 1988. Shortly after the election, I attended my second PEN International Congress in Seoul, South Korea right before the Olympics there. (The first Congress I attended was in 1986 in New York City, where our Center’s members were registered with the foreign delegates. I was active at that New York Congress in the Women’s revolution and the statement that came from the Congress.)

I arrived in Seoul late summer,1988 with our Center’s support for resolutions including one calling for the release of Wei Jingsheng and other writers in China, another resolution addressing writers in prison in South Korea, including our honorary member, publisher Lee Tae-Bok, and a resolution to change the name of PEN Los Angeles Center to PEN Center USA West. The name change had been passed by our center’s previous board but needed approval of the international Assembly of Delegates. It reflected our wider membership in the western part of the United States.

As president of PEN Los Angeles Center, I arrived as a young writer with a small delegation from Southern California, which included the former book editor of The Los Angeles Times and an English professor from UCLA. American PEN, based in New York, the largest of PEN’s more than 60 worldwide centers at the time was headed by Susan Sontag, president. American PEN didn’t want us to change our name and opposed our resolution on the floor of the Congress. While our two centers agreed on the other substantive issues of the Congress, including the problematic situation for writers in South Korea, and though we shared meals, the American PEN delegation, and Susan Sontag in particular, tried to get us to withdraw our name change, including a midnight call to me from Susan. The name change would be confusing, she said, and would take from the national scope of American PEN’s work. In that midnight call I listened to the arguments, then shared our thinking, which included the observation that our membership already came from many states west of the Mississippi, that in a country the size of the United States, PEN allowed more than one center, and for writers 3000 miles from New York, there was value in having more than one center of gravity. In the morning I presented American PEN’s arguments to my delegation, and we decided to go ahead and let our resolution go to the floor of the Assembly.

The representative from East Berlin noted: It would seem the East and West of America get along worse than the East and West of Germany. PEN Los Angeles Center’s resolution for a name change won by a wide margin, and we left the Congress as PEN Center USA West, which years later became PEN USA. I no longer live in Los Angeles but note that only in the past year –2018—did the members of the West Coast PEN decided to merge with PEN America in New York so there is now only one center of PEN in the US.

Most memorable and significant from the Seoul Congress was our delegation’s visit with the family of Lee Tae-Bok, our honorary member. “The house of Lee Tae-Bok’s parents is neat and spare, bedrooms with tatami mats on the floor, a living room with a sofa, a chair, a fish tank. There is no excess in the house, one senses out of choice. But there is an absence, not out of choice, for Lee Tae-Bok has been away in prison seven years. His mother worries that she will not see her oldest son out of prison before she dies,” I wrote in our Center’s newsletter. The family said that Lee Tae-Bok was in poor health and held in a cell four by five square meters, allowed out in the fresh air for only twenty minutes a day and wasn’t allowed to write except one letter a month to his family. His mother lamented the “hypocrisy” of the Korean government which had sentenced her son to life in prison because they said he published communist propaganda and yet they were greeting writers and “honored guests” at PEN’s Congress from Communist countries as well as inviting Eastern bloc athletes to Korea for the Olympic Games.

Digby Diehl and Joanne Leedom-Ackerman meet with the family of Lee Tae-Bok at the Lee home in Seoul in 1988.

In addition to our family visit, PEN Congress delegates petitioned the South Korean government on behalf of those in prison. A delegation from PEN International visited two of the writers in prison.

A few weeks after the Congress, notification reached us that Lee Tae-Bok had been released, though not everyone PEN spoke up for was released. I still remember where I was—I was in New York—when I heard the news, and I remember the elation. Many people worked on Lee Tae-Bok’s behalf so we couldn’t and didn’t take the credit, but we could feel some part of our actions, some push at the prison door helped spring it open. Release is not always the outcome for PEN’s work, but often it is. It is one of the goals. Over all my years in PEN, the release of a writer from prison still evokes a burst of hope and a measure of faith.

 

[Next installments: the watershed year 1988-1989 as the first global fatwa is issued against a writer, and writers and students in Tiananmen Square square off against China.]

Next Installment: PEN Journey 2: The Fatwa

 

22 Comments

  1. émile martel on May 15, 2019 at 12:00 pm

    Dear Joanne, a pleasure to read you and remember.
    All best to you
    and thank you
    é.

    • Joanne on May 15, 2019 at 10:08 pm

      Lovely to hear from you Emile and remember the many meetings and shared Congresses.

  2. Julia Malone on May 15, 2019 at 3:43 pm

    Thank you for reminding us of the struggles writers around the globe face and of PEN’s efforts to support them. It is gratifying to see that these efforts can be successful in some cases.

    • Joanne on May 15, 2019 at 10:09 pm

      Thank you, Julia!

  3. Gail Osherenko on May 15, 2019 at 4:20 pm

    It’s strange to find ourselves looking back at all we have witnessed and how our lives intertwined with major events. You were certainly in the midst. Hope you get to see Meeting Gorbachev, Werner Herzog’s new film (just opened here in Santa Barbara).

    It brought back so many memories of those years of upheaval when Gorbachev made his famous “Arctic Zone of Peace” speech that opened up research collaboration with many Arctic scientists (socio-political and biophysical) for us and led to lots of trips to the USSR/Russia in the ’80s and ’90s. We were so hopeful amidst some horrors – Chernobyl in 1986 was the worst. Then the wall fell. The USSR disintegrated. Oran Young and Russioan partners organized a US/Russia Academy of Sciences joint meeting of Arctic social scientists outside of Moscow in 1991. That meeting spawned a number of collaborative projects. I got to work with (and eventually wrote a book with) ethnographer/anthropologist Andrei Golovnev (who now heads the Museum of Ethnography in St. Petersburg). We godfathered an environmental and social cooperation project between Estonia and Russia around Lake Peipsi.
    And then came the coup against Gorbachev which failed but led to riots and tanks in the streets and the rise of Boris Yeltsin.

    And where are we today? We have a president in the US who fawns over dictators, tears up nuclear disarmament agreements, and is more focused on his financial future than the safety and wellbeing of our citizens, our children and future generations.

    I wept through most of Meeting Gorbachev, so overwhelmed with what might have been in that hopeful moment and the mess that is now.

    Thank you for the first of your articles on PEN. So much to celebrate and so much more to do. Love, Gail

    • Joanne on May 15, 2019 at 10:47 pm

      What an interesting intersection of yours with history! Perhaps the best hope for the future is in each individual.

  4. Frederic Hunter on May 15, 2019 at 6:23 pm

    Congratulations to you for working for long and faithfully in behalf of writers around the world!

    • Joanne on May 15, 2019 at 10:47 pm

      Thank you, Fred.

  5. Eric Lax on May 16, 2019 at 5:00 pm

    Dear Joanne,
    One wonderful story after another. I am honored and delighted to have shared the road with you for the past 25 years. You really have been my modeling PEN, and I treasure our friendship.
    Eric

    • Joanne on May 16, 2019 at 5:20 pm

      Yes, we’ve been privileged to have so many dedicated friends and colleagues around the world and to have shared the work…and adventure.

  6. Lynne Robinson on May 17, 2019 at 6:30 am

    Joanne,

    Such important work you and your colleagues have been doing over the years. Truly, you have helped change the global thought on freedom of expression and individual human rights. Thank you for your unselfish and energetic activity on behalf of everyone. 👍Lynne Robinson

    • Joanne on May 17, 2019 at 10:51 am

      Thank you Lynne, and thank you for your dedicated work.

  7. Carla A Hills on May 18, 2019 at 12:18 pm

    Joanne: Thank you for sharing a beautifully presented and compelling reminder of challenges we faced in years past, which sadly have not disappeared. Keep writing! With warmest regards, Carla

    • Joanne on May 18, 2019 at 2:27 pm

      Thank you, Carla!

  8. Jennifer Clement on May 19, 2019 at 12:54 am

    Dear Joanne,
    It’s incredible to read these stories and I can’t wait to read more.

    The letter from Lee Tae-Bok is so moving. Thank you for this.
    Jennifer

    • Joanne on May 19, 2019 at 8:34 am

      Thank you, Jennifer. And thank you for all you are doing for PEN!

  9. DAVID SMITH on May 21, 2019 at 1:21 am

    Thanks to you Joanne and to PEN for all of your work on behalf of writers worldwide. Your high school classmates are very proud of you.

    • Joanne on May 21, 2019 at 8:41 am

      Thank you, David! And thank you for staying in touch.

  10. Richard Bray on May 21, 2019 at 12:27 pm

    Thank you, Joanne, for sharing these wonderful memories. I am honored to have been part of many of them with you and with with so many others.

    • Joanne on May 21, 2019 at 1:50 pm

      Yes, Richard. You were that first Executive Director and what a job you found yourself in and what a support you were for us all!

  11. Susan Howell on May 24, 2019 at 8:23 pm

    What a walk through not-so-distant history! I so appreciate your vivid memory-stirring and file-drawer-opening to share these important reminiscences with us. Could we say that history continues to repeat itself, as new attempts to silence writers and reporters are appearing in today’s news? Thank you for your years of dedication as an advocate for authors, reporters and the cause of freedom everywhere!

    • Joanne on May 24, 2019 at 10:08 pm

      Thank you, Susie. Alas, the situation of threats to writers continues. Mark Twain us reputed to have said history may not repeat itself, but it rhymes.

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